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轻松学会：一步到位，使用FCM实现手机App跨平台消息推送全攻略

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在当今的移动应用开发领域，消息推送功能已经成为提高用户粘性和应用价值的重要手段。而Firebase Cloud Messaging（FCM）作为Google提供的跨平台消息推送服务，因其简单易用、功能强大而受到广大开发者的青睐。本文将带你一步步学会如何使用FCM实现手机App的跨平台消息推送。

第一步：准备工作

在开始之前，你需要准备以下材料：

  1. Firebase项目：在Firebase控制台创建一个新的项目。
  2. Android Studio：下载并安装最新版本的Android Studio。
  3. iOS开发环境：如果你要支持iOS平台，需要安装Xcode。
  4. Android和iOS设备或模拟器：用于测试你的应用。

第二步：集成FCM到你的应用

对于Android应用：

  1. 添加依赖：在你的build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖：

    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:22.0.0'

  2. 初始化FCM：在你的Application类中初始化FCM：

    FirebaseApp.initializeApp(this);

  3. 注册设备token：在你的应用中注册设备token，以便FCM可以识别你的设备：

    FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().getToken()
    .addOnCompleteListener(task -> {
        if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
            Log.w("FCM", "Fetching FCM registration token failed", task.getException());
            return;
        }
        // Get new FCM registration token
        String token = task.getResult();
        // TODO: Send token to your server or save it to local storage
    });

对于iOS应用：

  1. 添加依赖：在你的Podfile文件中添加以下依赖：

    pod 'Firebase/Messaging'

  2. 初始化FCM：在你的AppDelegate类中初始化FCM：

    FirebaseApp.configure()

  3. 注册设备token：在你的应用中注册设备token：

    Messaging.messaging().requestPermission { status, error in
    if let error = error {
        print("Error: \(error)")
    } else {
        if status == .authorized {
            Messaging.messaging().token { token, error in
                if let error = error {
                    print("Error: \(error)")
                } else if let token = token {
                    print("FCM registration token: \(token)")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

第三步：发送消息

向单个设备发送消息：

String registrationToken = "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN";
String messageBody = "Hello, world!";
String title = "FCM Message";
String notificationBody = "This is a notification body";

String notificationJson = "{ \"notification\": { \"title\": \"" + title + "\", \"body\": \"" + notificationBody + "\" } }";

FCMMessage message = new FCMMessage.builder()
    .setData(new HashMap<String, String>())
    .setNotification(new FCMNotification()
        .setTitle(title)
        .setBody(notificationBody))
    .build();

Messaging.sendToRegistrationToken(registrationToken, message)
    .addOnCompleteListener(task -> {
        if (task.isSuccessful()) {
            Log.d("FCM", "Message sent successfully");
        } else {
            Log.e("FCM", "Failed to send message", task.getException());
        }
    });

let registrationToken = "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN"
let messageBody = "Hello, world!"
let title = "FCM Message"
let notificationBody = "This is a notification body"

let notificationJson = "{\"notification\":{\"title\":\"\(title)\",\"body\":\"\(notificationBody)\"}}"

let message = FCMMessage(data: ["message": messageBody], notification: FCMNotification(title: title, body: notificationBody))

FCMMessaging.messaging().send(message, to: registrationToken) { error, response in
    if let error = error {
        print("Error: \(error)")
    } else {
        print("Message sent successfully")
    }
}

向一组设备发送消息：

String[] registrationTokens = {"TOKEN_1", "TOKEN_2", "TOKEN_3"};
String messageBody = "Hello, world!";
String title = "FCM Message";
String notificationBody = "This is a notification body";

String notificationJson = "{ \"notification\": { \"title\": \"" + title + "\", \"body\": \"" + notificationBody + "\" } }";

FCMMessage message = new FCMMessage.builder()
    .setData(new HashMap<String, String>())
    .setNotification(new FCMNotification()
        .setTitle(title)
        .setBody(notificationBody))
    .build();

MulticastMessage multicastMessage = new MulticastMessage()
    .setNotification(new FCMNotification()
        .setTitle(title)
        .setBody(notificationBody))
    .addAllTo("tokens", registrationTokens);

Messaging.send(multicastMessage)
    .addOnCompleteListener(task -> {
        if (task.isSuccessful()) {
            Log.d("FCM", "Message sent successfully");
        } else {
            Log.e("FCM", "Failed to send message", task.getException());
        }
    });

let registrationTokens = ["TOKEN_1", "TOKEN_2", "TOKEN_3"]
let messageBody = "Hello, world!"
let title = "FCM Message"
let notificationBody = "This is a notification body"

let notificationJson = "{\"notification\":{\"title\":\"\(title)\",\"body\":\"\(notificationBody)\"}}"

let message = FCMMessage(data: ["message": messageBody], notification: FCMNotification(title: title, body: notificationBody))

let multicastMessage = MulticastMessage(notification: FCMNotification(title: title, body: notificationBody), tokens: registrationTokens)

FCMMessaging.messaging().send(multicastMessage) { error, response in
    if let error = error {
        print("Error: \(error)")
    } else {
        print("Message sent successfully")
    }
}

向所有设备发送消息：

String messageBody = "Hello, world!";
String title = "FCM Message";
String notificationBody = "This is a notification body";

String notificationJson = "{ \"notification\": { \"title\": \"" + title + "\", \"body\": \"" + notificationBody + "\" } }";

FCMMessage message = new FCMMessage.builder()
    .setData(new HashMap<String, String>())
    .setNotification(new FCMNotification()
        .setTitle(title)
        .setBody(notificationBody))
    .build();

TopicMessage topicMessage = new TopicMessage()
    .setNotification(new FCMNotification()
        .setTitle(title)
        .setBody(notificationBody))
    .setTopic("YOUR_TOPIC");

Messaging.sendToTopic("YOUR_TOPIC", message)
    .addOnCompleteListener(task -> {
        if (task.isSuccessful()) {
            Log.d("FCM", "Message sent successfully");
        } else {
            Log.e("FCM", "Failed to send message", task.getException());
        }
    });

let messageBody = "Hello, world!"
let title = "FCM Message"
let notificationBody = "This is a notification body"

let notificationJson = "{\"notification\":{\"title\":\"\(title)\",\"body\":\"\(notificationBody)\"}}"

let message = FCMMessage(data: ["message": messageBody], notification: FCMNotification(title: title, body: notificationBody))

let topicMessage = TopicMessage(notification: FCMNotification(title: title, body: notificationBody), topic: "YOUR_TOPIC")

FCMMessaging.messaging().send(topicMessage) { error, response in
    if let error = error {
        print("Error: \(error)")
    } else {
        print("Message sent successfully")
    }
}

第四步：接收和处理消息

在应用中接收和处理消息，需要注册一个FirebaseMessagingService或UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate。

对于Android应用：

public class MyFirebaseMessagingService extends FirebaseMessagingService {

    @Override
    public void onMessageReceived(RemoteMessage message) {
        // Handle message received
    }

    @Override
    public void onNewToken(String token) {
        // Handle new token received
    }
}

对于iOS应用：

import UserNotifications

@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {

    var window: UIWindow?

    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {
        // Register for notifications
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().delegate = self
        let authOptions: UNAuthorizationOptions = [.alert, .badge, .sound]
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().requestAuthorization(options: authOptions) { _, _ in }
        return true
    }

    func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter, willPresent notification: UNNotification, withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
        completionHandler([.alert, .badge, .sound])
    }

    func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter, didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse, withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
        // Handle notification response
        completionHandler()
    }
}

总结

使用FCM实现手机App的跨平台消息推送非常简单，只需按照以上步骤进行操作即可。希望本文能帮助你轻松学会使用FCM，让你的应用更具竞争力。

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